How to Rename A Datafile in A Physical Standby Environment

How to Rename A Datafile in A Physical Standby Environment:-


Primary db_unique_name:- prim
Standby db_unique_name:- stand

1.Verify primary and standby databases and also change the initialization parameter STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT from AUTO to MANUAL.
At Primary Database :-
SQL> select name,db_unique_name,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME      DB_UNIQUE_NAME                 DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------- ------------------------------ ---------------- --------------------
PRIM      prim                           PRIMARY          TO STANDBY



SQL> SHOW PARAMETER STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_file_management              string      auto


SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_file_management              string      MANUAL

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
Oldest online log sequence     27
Next log sequence to archive   29
Current log sequence           29


On Standby database :
SQL> select name,db_unique_name,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME      DB_UNIQUE_NAME                 DATABASE_ROLE    SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------- ------------------------------ ---------------- --------------------
PRIM      stand                          PHYSICAL STANDBY NOT ALLOWED

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
Oldest online log sequence     21
Next log sequence to archive   0
Current log sequence           29

SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

 SEQUENCE# APPLIED
---------- ---------
         7 YES
         8 YES
         9 YES
        10 YES
        11 YES
        12 YES
        13 YES
        14 YES
        15 YES
        16 YES
        17 YES

 SEQUENCE# APPLIED
---------- ---------
        18 YES
        19 YES
        20 YES
        21 YES
        22 YES
        23 YES
        24 YES
        25 YES
        26 YES
        27 YES
        28 YES

22 rows selected.

SQL> sho parameter STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_file_management              string      auto

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL;



2.Now we will verify the tablespace to which the datafile belongs and make it offline. This step is performed on primary database.

SQL> select file_name , tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/users01.dbf USERS

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/system01.dbf SYSTEM

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/example01.dbf EXAMPLE

3. Rename the datafile to new location and bring tablespace back online. This step is performed on primary database.
[oracle@server1 prim]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim
[oracle@server1 prim]$ ls -ltrh
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 671M Dec 28 01:14 system01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 101M Dec 28 01:16 example01.dbf
......
[oracle@server1 prim]$ mv example01.dbf /home/oracle/example_01.dbf
[oracle@server1 prim]$ sqlplus /  as sysdba
SQL> alter tablespace example rename datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/example01.dbf' to '/home/oracle/example_01.dbf';

Tablespace altered.

SQL> alter tablespace example online;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name= 'EXAMPLE';

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/oracle/example_01.dbf

4. Verify the same  tablespace on standby database.
SQL> select ts# , name from v$tablespace;

       TS# NAME
---------- ------------------------------
         0 SYSTEM
         1 SYSAUX
         2 UNDOTBS1
         4 USERS
         3 TEMP
         6 EXAMPLE

5. Stop recovery on standby database and shut it down.
QL>  ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

Database altered.

SQL> shut immediate;

6. Rename the datafile on standby database.
[oracle@server2 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/
[oracle@server2 stand]$ mv example01.dbf /home/oracle/example_01.dbf
[oracle@server2 stand]$ sqlplus /  as sysdba
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stand/example01.dbf' to '/home/oracle/example_01.dbf';

Database altered.

SQL> select name from v$datafile where ts#=6;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/home/oracle/example_01.dbf

7. Keep standby database in recovery mode.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

Database altered.

8. Set initialization parameter STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT value back to AUTO.

On Primary :

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO;

System altered.

On Standby :

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO;

System altered.

on Standby:-
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY

Health checkups of the Database Instance

Health check of the Database Instance :-

Explanation:-
An ideal health check should provide an overview of a database’s stability across three major areas for consideration:

Availability
Performance
Scalability

Category: Availability
1. Database space (Should consider both database space and OS space; would be ideal to also consider growth trends.)
2. Archive log space and listener status.
3. Dump area space (bdump, cdump, adump, udump, etc.)
4. Verifying success of database archive logs to disk/tape.
5. Verify success of database backup
6. Snapshot/Materialized view status
7. Status of DBMS Jobs
8. Replication collisions
9. Monitoring Backups.
10. Online redo logs multiplexed (On different mount-points.)
11. Control file multiplexed (On different mount-points.)
12. Misc errors (potential bugs) in alert.log
13. Daily Tablespace Utilization.
14.Checking the temporary tablespace/files.
15.Checking the UNDO tablespace and retention.
16.Monitoring the Unix /tmp and /var Location.
17.Check Invalid objects and recompile.



Category: Performance
18. Disparate segment types (tables, indexes, etc.) in same tablespace
19. SYSTEM tablespace being granted as default or temp tablespace
20. Temporary tablespace not being a true temp tablespace
21. Deadlock related errors in alert.log
22. Non-symmetric segments or non-equi sized extents in tablespace (For dictionary managed tablespaces.)
23. Invalid objects
24. Any event that incurred a wait over X seconds (“X” to be defined by user during healthcheck report execution. Default value could be 5 seconds. Obviously, for this value to be available, some kind of stats recording mechanism needs to be in place. In our case, Data Palette is used to collect these stats so the health check report can query the Data Palette repository for wait events and corresponding durations.)
25. Hit ratios: DB buffer cache, redo log, SQL area, dictionary/row cache, etc. (While there is a mixed opinion on whether these are useful or not, I like to include them for DBAs that do rely on them to identify whether any memory shortage exists in the database instance and adjust the related resource(s) accordingly. While I do have an opinion on this matter, my goal is not to argue whether this stat is useful or not, instead, it’s to provide them to people that need them (and there are quite a few folks that still value hit ratios.)
26. I/O / disk busy (I/O stats, at the OS and database levels.)
27. CPU load average or queue size
28. RAM usage
29. Swap space usage
30. Network bandwidth usage (Input errors, output errors, queue size, collisions, etc.)
31. Multi-threaded settings (Servers, dispatchers, circuits, etc.)
32. RAC related statistics (False pings, cache fusion and interconnect traffic, etc. – based on the Oracle version.)

Category: Scalability (Note: For ensuring there are no scalability related issues, the health check generating mechanism ideally should be able to relate to current resource consumption trends and apply predictive algorithms to discern whether there will be contention or shortfall. In the absence of such predictive capabilities, a basic health check routine can still use thresholds to determine whether a resource is close to being depleted.)
33. Sessions
34. Processes
35. Multi-threaded resources (dispatchers, servers, circuits, etc.)
36. Disk Space
37. Memory structures (locks, latches, semaphores, etc.)
38. I/O
39. CPU
40. RAM
41. Swap space
42. Network bandwidth
43. RAC related statistics (False pings, cache fusion and interconnect traffic, etc. – based on the Oracle version.)
44. Understanding system resources consumed by non-DB processes running on the same server/domain (3rd party applications such as ETL jobs, webservers, app servers, etc.)
45. Understanding system resources consumed by DB-related processes running outside their normal scheduled window (Applications such as backup processes, archive log propagation, monitoring (OEM) agents, etc. This requires the health check utility to know which processes are related to the database and their normal execution time/frequency.)

Scripts related to TEMP TABLESPACE

scripts related to temp tablespace

To check instance-wise total allocated, total used TEMP for both rac and non-rac:-

set lines 152
col FreeSpaceGB format 999.999
col UsedSpaceGB format 999.999
col TotalSpaceGB format 999.999
col host_name format a30
col tablespace_name format a30
select tablespace_name,
(free_blocks*8)/1024/1024 FreeSpaceGB,
(used_blocks*8)/1024/1024 UsedSpaceGB,
(total_blocks*8)/1024/1024 TotalSpaceGB,
i.instance_name,i.host_name
from gv$sort_segment ss,gv$instance i where ss.tablespace_name in (select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces where contents='TEMPORARY') and
i.inst_id=ss.inst_id;

Total Used and Total Free Blocks:-

select inst_id, tablespace_name, total_blocks, used_blocks, free_blocks  from gv$sort_segment;

Another Query to check TEMP USAGE:-

col name for a20
SELECT d.status "Status", d.tablespace_name "Name", d.contents "Type", d.extent_management
"ExtManag",
TO_CHAR(NVL(a.bytes / 1024 / 1024, 0),'99,999,990.900') "Size (M)", TO_CHAR(NVL(t.bytes,
0)/1024/1024,'99999,999.999') ||'/'||TO_CHAR(NVL(a.bytes/1024/1024, 0),'99999,999.999') "Used (M)",
TO_CHAR(NVL(t.bytes / a.bytes * 100, 0), '990.00') "Used %"
FROM sys.dba_tablespaces d, (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) bytes from dba_temp_files group by
tablespace_name) a,
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes_cached) bytes from
v$temp_extent_pool group by tablespace_name) t
WHERE d.tablespace_name = a.tablespace_name(+) AND d.tablespace_name = t.tablespace_name(+)
AND d.extent_management like 'LOCAL' AND d.contents like 'TEMPORARY';

Temporary Tablespace groups:-

SELECT * FROM DATABASE_PROPERTIES where PROPERTY_NAME='DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE';

select tablespace_name,contents from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name like '%TEMP%';

select * from dba_tablespace_groups;

Block wise Check:-

select TABLESPACE_NAME, TOTAL_BLOCKS, USED_BLOCKS, MAX_USED_BLOCKS, MAX_SORT_BLOCKS, FREE_BLOCKS from V$SORT_SEGMENT;

select sum(free_blocks) from gv$sort_segment where tablespace_name = 'TEMP';

To Check Percentage Usage of Temp Tablespace:-

select (s.tot_used_blocks/f.total_blocks)*100 as "percent used"
from (select sum(used_blocks) tot_used_blocks
from v$sort_segment where tablespace_name='TEMP') s,
(select sum(blocks) total_blocks
from dba_temp_files where tablespace_name='TEMP') f;

To check Used Extents ,Free Extents available in Temp Tablespace:-

SELECT tablespace_name, extent_size, total_extents, used_extents,free_extents, max_used_size FROM v$sort_segment;

To list all tempfiles of Temp Tablespace:-

col file_name for a45
select tablespace_name,file_name,bytes/1024/1024,maxbytes/1024/1024,autoextensible from dba_temp_files  order by file_name;

SELECT d.tablespace_name tablespace , d.file_name filename, d.file_id fl_id, d.bytes/1024/1024
size_m
, NVL(t.bytes_cached/1024/1024, 0) used_m, TRUNC((t.bytes_cached / d.bytes) * 100) pct_used
FROM
sys.dba_temp_files d, v$temp_extent_pool t, v$tempfile v
WHERE (t.file_id (+)= d.file_id)
AND (d.file_id = v.file#);

Additional checks:-

select distinct(temporary_tablespace) from dba_users;

select username,default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users order by temporary_tablespace;

SELECT * FROM DATABASE_PROPERTIES where PROPERTY_NAME='DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE';

Changing the default temporary Tablespace:-

SQL> alter database default temporary tablespace TEMP;

Database altered.

To add tempfile to Temp Tablespace:-

alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/temp02.dbf' size 1000m;

alter tablespace TEMP add tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/temp04.dbf' size 1800M autoextend on maxsize 1800M;

To resize the  tempfile in Temp Tablespace:-

alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/temp01.dbf' resize 250M;

alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/temp01.dbf' autoextend on maxsize 1800M;

alter tablespace TEMP add tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prim/temp05.dbf' size 1800m reuse;

To find Sort Segment Usage by Users

select username,sum(extents) "Extents",sum(blocks) "Block"
from v$sort_usage
group by username;

To find Sort Segment Usage by a particular User

SELECT s.username,s.sid,s.serial#,u.tablespace, u.contents, u.extents, u.blocks
FROM v$session s, v$sort_usage u
WHERE s.saddr=u.session_addr
order by u.blocks desc;

To find Total Free space in Temp Tablespace

select 'FreeSpace  ' || (free_blocks*8)/1024/1024 ||' GB'  from v$sort_segment where tablespace_name='TEMP';

select tablespace_name , (free_blocks*8)/1024/1024  FreeSpaceInGB,
(used_blocks*8)/1024/1024  UsedSpaceInGB,
(total_blocks*8)/1024/1024  TotalSpaceInGB
from v$sort_segment where tablespace_name like '%TEMP%';

To find  Total Space Allocated for Temp Tablespace:-

select 'TotalSpace ' || (sum(blocks)*8)/1024/1024 ||' GB'  from dba_temp_files where tablespace_name='TEMP';

Get 10 sessions with largest temp usage

cursor bigtemp_sids is
select * from (
select s.sid,
s.status,
s.sql_hash_value sesshash,
u.SQLHASH sorthash,
s.username,
u.tablespace,
sum(u.blocks*p.value/1024/1024) mbused ,
sum(u.extents) noexts,
nvl(s.module,s.program) proginfo,
floor(last_call_et/3600)||':'||
floor(mod(last_call_et,3600)/60)||':'||
mod(mod(last_call_et,3600),60) lastcallet
from v$sort_usage u,
v$session s,
v$parameter p
where u.session_addr = s.saddr
and p.name = 'db_block_size'
group by s.sid,s.status,s.sql_hash_value,u.sqlhash,s.username,u.tablespace,
nvl(s.module,s.program),
floor(last_call_et/3600)||':'||
floor(mod(last_call_et,3600)/60)||':'||
mod(mod(last_call_et,3600),60)
order by 7 desc,3)
where rownum < 11;

Displays the amount of IO for each tempfile:-

SELECT SUBSTR(t.name,1,50) AS file_name,
f.phyblkrd AS blocks_read,
f.phyblkwrt AS blocks_written,
f.phyblkrd + f.phyblkwrt AS total_io
FROM   v$tempstat f,v$tempfile t
WHERE  t.file# = f.file#
ORDER BY f.phyblkrd + f.phyblkwrt DESC;

select * from (SELECT u.tablespace, s.username, s.sid, s.serial#, s.logon_time, program, u.extents, ((u.blocks*8)/1024) as MB,
i.inst_id,i.host_name
FROM gv$session s, gv$sort_usage u ,gv$instance i
WHERE s.saddr=u.session_addr and u.inst_id=i.inst_id  order by MB DESC) a where rownum<10;

I used these queries to check some settings:

-- List all database files and their tablespaces:
select  file_name, tablespace_name, status
,bytes   /1000000  as MB
,maxbytes/1000000  as MB_max
from dba_data_files ;

-- List all schemas temp tablespaces  and default tablespaces?:
select username, temporary_tablespace, default_tablespace from dba_users ;

List all tablespaces and some settings:
select tablespace_name, status, contents, extent_management
from dba_tablespaces ;

TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS    CONTENTS  EXTENT_MAN
------------------------------ --------- --------- ----------
SYSTEM                         ONLINE    PERMANENT LOCAL
SYSAUX                         ONLINE    PERMANENT LOCAL
UNDOTBS1                       ONLINE    UNDO      LOCAL
TEMP                           ONLINE    TEMPORARY LOCAL
USERS                          ONLINE    PERMANENT LOCAL
EXAMPLE                        ONLINE    PERMANENT LOCAL
SOUMYATBS                      ONLINE    PERMANENT LOCAL

Show number of tables in the TEMP tablespace:-
select count(*)  from dba_all_tables
where tablespace_name = 'TEMP' ;

Checking for any other objects (views, indexes, triggers, pl/sql, etc.) is trickier, but this query seems to work correctly - note that you'll probably need to connect internal in order to see the sys_objects view:

-- Shows all objects which exist in the TEMP tablespace - should get
-- NO rows for this:
column owner        format a20
column object_type  format a30
column object_name  format a40
select
o.owner  ,o.object_name
,o.object_type
from sys_objects s
,dba_objects o
,dba_data_files df
where df.file_id = s.header_file
and o.object_id = s.object_id
and df.tablespace_name = 'TEMP' ;

Identifying WHO is currently using TEMP Segments

10g onwards

SELECT sysdate,a.username, a.sid, a.serial#, a.osuser, (b.blocks*d.block_size)/1048576 MB_used, c.sql_text
FROM v$session a, v$tempseg_usage b, v$sqlarea c,
     (select block_size from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name='TEMP') d
    WHERE b.tablespace = 'TEMP'
    and a.saddr = b.session_addr
    AND c.address= a.sql_address
    AND c.hash_value = a.sql_hash_value
    AND (b.blocks*d.block_size)/1048576 > 1024
    ORDER BY b.tablespace, 6 desc;

ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
Problem Description:-
While creating a startup database using dbca the database creation GUI gives error message in a pop up window,
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
from where you can ignore the error message.
The similar scenario also occurs whenever you try to start your database using startup command, shows error message like below.

SQL> STARTUP
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

Cause of the Problem
•Starting from Oracle 11g the automatic memory management feature is now defined with parameter MEMORY_TARGET and MEMORY_MAX_TARGET.

•On linux file system the shared memory need to be mounted on /dev/shm directory on the operating system.

•And the size of /dev/shm needs to be greater than MEMORY_TARGET or MEMMORY_MAX_TARGET.

•The AMM (Automatic Memory Management) now in 11g manages both SGA and PGA together by MMAN process.

•The MEMORY_TARGET parameter in 11g comes for (SGA_TARGET+PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET) which was in 10g.

•And MEMORY_MAX_TARGET parameter in 11g comes instead of SGA_MAX_TARGET parameter which was in 10g.

•The ORA-00845:can arises for the following two reasons on linux system.

1)If the shared memory which is mapped to /dev/shm directory is less than the size of MEMORY_TARGET or MEMORY_MAX_TARGET.
or,
2)If the shared memory is not mapped to /dev/shm directory.

olution of the Problem
Make sure /dev/shm is properly mounted. You can see it by,
#df -h or df -Th
The output should be similar like
$ df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             8.7G  4.7G  3.6G  57% /
shmfs                 1G    512M 512M  50% /dev/shm


We see here for /dev/shm we have assigned 1G memory. Now if you set MEMORY_TARGET more than 1G then above ORA-845 will arise. For example if you have MEMORY_TARGET or MEMORY_MAX_TARGET set to 12G then you can mount shared memory to 13g like below.
As a root user,
# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=20g /dev/shm
In order to make the settings persistence so that it will affect after restarting machine add an entry in /etc/fstab similar to the following:
vi /etc/fstab
shmfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=20g 0 0

:wq

#alter system set memory_target=20G scope=spfile;
and then bounce the database to affect the changes.

Step by Step Oracle installation 11g R2 on RHEL 6

Before you Begin-

System Requirements

Architecture

These instructions are for installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (RHEL6) on a 32-bit  and  64-bit systems (x86_64).

Minimum Memory

Red Hat recommends for 32 bit a minimum of 1GB memory/logical CPU, and for 64 bit a minimum of 1GB of memory, 1GB/logical CPU.

 Minimum Disk Space

 minimum disk size of above 12 GB, and a minimum root partition ("/") size of about 9 GB.

CDROM Drive

Red Hat does not include a floppy version of the boot images for RHEL6. Your system will need a boot-capable CDROM drive.

            INSTALLATION STEPS OF LINUX/CENTOS 6 –

1.Boot from the RHEL6  DVD. At the boot screen, press the "Enter" key.

2. Press the "tab" key to move focus to the "Skip" key, then press the "Enter" key to continue.
3. On the "Welcome" screen, click the "Next" button.
4. Select the appropriate language, then click the "Next" button.
5. Select the relevant keyboard setting, then click the "Next" button.
6. Select the storage option necessary for the installation i.e. Basic storage device, then click the "Next" button.
7. Enter a fully qualified host name “dipak.example.com”, then click the "Configure Network" button.
Check the "Connect automatically" checkbox. If you are not using DHCP, click on the "IPv4 Settings" tab, set the method to "Manual", click the "Add" button and enter the appropriate network details.IP: 192.168.0.5 Netmask:255.255.255.0 Gateway:192.168.0.1 then click the Apply button.
8. Select the relevant time zone by clicking on your nearest city on the map. Click on the "Next" button to proceed.
9. Enter a root password for the server, then click the "Next" button to proceed.
10. Check the partitioning type you require. Click on create custom layout
11.Then created the following partitions
/root -12gb
/temp-4 Gb

/i01-15Gb
/swap-2gb (1.5 of RAM)
/undotbs-512mb
/temptbs-512mbs
/redoA-512mb
/redoB-512mb
/redoC-512mb
/index- 1024mb
*Please be advised i have used the above partition structure keeping in mind of production servers.

12. Accept the "Basic Server" installation and check the "Customize now" option, then click the "Next" button.
13.Then select the following packages.(Gcc,lib,compat,sys)

• Base System > Base
• Base System > Client management tools
• Base System > Compatibility libraries
• Base System > Hardware monitoring utilities
• Base System > Large Systems Performance
• Base System > Network file system client
• Base System > Performance Tools
• Base System > Perl Support
• Servers > Server Platform
• Servers > System administration tools
• Desktops > Desktop
• Desktops > Desktop Platform
• Desktops > Fonts
• Desktops > General Purpose Desktop
• Desktops > Graphical Administration Tools
• Desktops > Input Methods
• Desktops > X Window System
• Development > Additional Development
• Development > Development Tools
• Applications > Internet Browser

                                                   

Don't worry too much about getting every package you might ever want -- you can always add additional packages later.

want to eject your boot CDROM prior to rebooting so you don't boot back to the boot iso image.

The final installation screen has a 'reboot' bottom on the right corner. Again, make sure to remove any CDROM left in the drive from the initial boot of the installation program.

Post Install

Red Hat Welcome

The first time you boot your newly-installed system in the graphical run level (run level 5) the Red Hat Welcome screens may automatically run.

If you are planning to taylor your system you can skip most or all of these steps -- they are either unneeded or will be handled by taylor.

The welcome screens are intended for stand-alone systems and guides you through a number of first time system administration tasks such as:

·         License Information

You'll need to agree to the License agreement.

·         Set Up Software Updates

If running Taylor, then choose 'no'. (You'll need to confirm 'No Thanks'.)

·         Create User, (a non-admin local account)

 For the Create User screen 'Forward' button with no additions or adjustments. You'll need to confirm you want to continue without a user account.

·         Date and Time

Accept the defaults.

·         Kdump

·         Accept the defaults. Do not choose to reboot to enable kdumps.

On the next screen, you'll click on 'Other..' enter 'root' as the user and password you picked earlier. You'll see messages related to being logged in as root, and how it's not ideal, but this okay for this one time.

Once the installation of RHEL6 is done, We have to do following configuration of  RHEL6 for oracle 11g installation –

Once the installtion of RHEL6 is done, We have to do following configuration of  RHEL6 for oracle 11g installation-

 

A.     We have to disable selinux from this file:

#vi /etc/selinux/config

Set selinux=disabled and save the file.

#service iptables stop

#service iptables save

B.      Disable the firewall.

Then restart the service

#service network restart

C.  Then we have to configure Yum

1.#mkdir /YUM
2.mount RHEL6 DVD

3.#mount /dev/cdrom/media

4.Go to the mounted diretory

#cd  /cdrom/media

5.copy all contents of DVD to /YUM

#cp –av  * /YUM

6. 5.Install createrepo package with dependancies

               #rpm -ivh deltarpm-**.el6.x86_64.rpm

               #rpm –ivh python-deltarpm-**.el6.x86_64.rpm

# rpm –ivh createrepo-**.rpm

7. 6.install FTP server

rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.2.2-6.el6.x86_64.rpm

8. 7.Create repository using

#createrepo  -v  /YUM

8.Create a repo file in /etc/yum.repos.d/

#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

#cp rhel-source.repo rhel.repo

#vi  rhel.repo

Edit the file

[rhel]

Name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Baseurl=file:///YUM

Enabled=1

Gpgcheck=0

:wq

#yum list

STEP 1: Download the software

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database-technologies/express-edition/downloads/index.html

STEP 2: Prerequisites

There are many prerequisites to installing Oracle 11gR2 and the following are the steps I took.

Update /etc/sysctl.conf

#vim /etc/sysctl.conf

Scroll to the bottom and add the following:

# ###########################

# ORACLE PARMS

# ###########################

# ###########################

# ORACLE PARMS

# ###########################

fs.suid_dumpable = 1

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default=4194304

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=1048586

#P.S. There is another kernel.shmmax and kernel.shmall parameters.Make sure to put # before them or the new values wont work.

Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters.

/sbin/sysctl -p

Update /etc/security/limits.conf

#vim /etc/security/limits.conf
Scroll to the bottom and above the “# End of file” line, add:

oracle              soft    nproc   2047

oracle              hard    nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile  4096

oracle              hard    nofile  65536

oracle              soft    stack   10240

Add users and groups

groupadd -g 501 oinstall

groupadd -g 502 dba

useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba oracle

passwd oracle

Amend the "/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf" file as described below.

# Change this

*          soft    nproc    1024

# To this

* - nproc 16384

Set secure Linux to permissive by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows.

SELINUX=permissive

Once the change is complete, restart the server.
If you have the Linux firewall enabled, you will need to disable it.

 Edit host file & edit the following things at last line-

 #Vim /etc/hosts

 192.168.0.5         soumya.example.com   soumya

Edit network file & edit the following things-

#Vim /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=yes

HOSTNAME=soumya.example.com

:wq

#hostname soumya.example.com

Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed and setup the permissions there:

mkdir -p /i01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /i01

chmod -R 775 /i01

chown -Rf oracle:oinstall  /redoA

chown -Rf oracle:oinstall  /redoB

chown -Rf oracle:oinstall  /redoB

chown -Rf oracle:oinstall  /undotbs

chown -Rf oracle:oinstall  /temptbs

chown -Rf oracle:oinstall  /index

chmod -Rf 775 /redoA

chmod -Rf 775 /redoB

chmod -Rf 775 /redoC

chmod -Rf 775 /undotbs

chmod -Rf 775 /temptbs

chmod -Rf 775 /index

Switch to the Oracle software directory and setup the permissions there:
cd /root/Desktop/Oraclesoftware
chown -R oracle:oinstall database
chmod -R 775 database

Set up the oracle user environment

su oracle
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
***Add the following (use hostname from the command line to get your hostname and use the correct paths for your install):

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME={Enter your hostname}
export ORACLE_UNQNAME={Enter your DB name}
export ORACLE_BASE=/i01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID={Enter your DB name}
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

Login as root and issue the following command.

xhost +soumya.example.com

Oracle has a list of dependencies which have to be verified. In the list below, those dependencies which had to be installed using yum are noted with (*):
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (*)
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 (*)
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2 (*)
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
ksh-20060214 (*)
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
numactl-devel-0.9.8.i386 (*)
sysstat-7.0.2 (*)

After Successful installation of Linux/CentOS6. We will be install & used X-manager in window system to graphically export Linux screen in window to install Oracle 11g.

Xmanager is a powerful and easy-to-use PC X server that runs on Windows platforms. It allows you to bring remote Unix/Linux desktops to your Windows PC seamlessly. You can also run remote X applications securely through the SSH (Secure Shell) protocol even when your Windows PC is inside a private network and a firewall is between your PC and the remote server. so basically it will allow you to connect to any network/system having Unix/Linux OS installed from your windows machine and thus give you the ability to work at your own place using your own system. 

Getting Started: Download, Install and Start with XDMCP

Download Xmanager Enterprise

Download Xmanager

Installation

1. When you execute the downloaded file, InstallShield Wizard will begin the installation process.

2. Follow the instruction of InstallShield Wizard. If you have purchased Xmanager license, please use the product key that you have received from us to install. Otherwise, use 'evaluation' for the product key.

3. When the install is completed, Xmanager 4 icon will be placed on the desktop.

Start with XDMCP(Xbrowser)

To access a full graphic desktop of remote Unix/Linux server, go through the following steps to start with the XDMCP connection method. You can also start with Xstart if you need to run only a single remote X application instead of a full desktop. 

Connecting and executing remote X application with Xstart

With Xstart you can create a session that executes a remote X application. Once you have created an Xstartsession, you can bring a remote X application on your Windows with a single click.

1. From the Xmanager folder, run Xstart. RESULT: The Xstart window opens. 

2. Click New. RESULT: A New Session dialog box appears.

3. Enter a new session name, and click OK.

4. In the Host box, enter the hostname or IP address of the remote Linux/Unix host.

5. In the Protocol box, select an appropriate protocol that is available on the host. The SSH protocol is appropriate for most hosts.

6. To set up protocol-specific options such as port and time-out, click Setup.

7. In the Username box, enter the user account on the host.

8. Select an Authentication type from the Authentication list.

9. To set up Authentication-specific options such as password and public key, click Setup.

10. In the Execution Command box, enter a command that will be executed on the host. For example, enter the following to run an xterm: 

 /xterm -ls -display $DISPLAY

11. Click Run. RESULT: An xterm window opens.

12.  After login through x-manager, you can check it by running a command as root

user

# xclock

The output will show graphical clock. It means its working fine.  To perform Oracle Installation process switch to ORACLE user.

# su - oracle

STEP 3: Install Oracle in RHEL6/centOS6

$cd /root/Desktop/Oracle software/database
./runInstaller

Installation steps of oracle:-

*1. Provide your email address and Oracle support password to get security updates from Oracle.

*2. . Installation options like creating a database, installing oracle software only or upgrading the database. Select "Create and configure a database".

*3.  Choose the system class here. Select "Server Class" it provides more advanced options.

*4. Choose from creating a single node installation from node selections.

*5. Choose your installation type Typical .

*6. If you choose typical install in previous screen, then you will see this page for Install Configurations. Provide Oracle software installation location, database files location and administrator password etc.

*7. Specify the Oracle install inventory location and Operating system group "oinstall".

*8.  Now all prerequisite checks will be performed here and if every thing is ok you will be moved to the install summary page. You can hit the "Back" button and come back to see the status of all the checks performed.

*9. Installation Summary page. Hit "Finish" to start the Installation.

*10. Installation Progress. This will take several minutes and it will automatically invoke Database COnfiguration Assistant to create a database.

*11. Database Configuration Assistant invoked by the installer.

*12. Once DBCA has finished creating the database, it will show a page like this. It is a summary of the database that has just been created.

*13. As a last step you will be asked to execute some configuration scripts as root.

Open another console and login as root. Execute following once logged in successfully.

# /i01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

# /i01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

*14. When configuration scripts are executed successfully by root press OK in the installer and you will see this "Finish" page. Note down the management URL and press "Close".